Аннотация

The article describes chemical and amino acid composition of feather-downy raw material. It determines the mass fraction of crude protein, crude fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus, sodium in the samples of feather-downy raw material. It is stated that the waste from poultry processing obtained from hens of all the studied species are characterized by a high content of crude protein and low in crude fiber and ash. The most valuable feather-downy raw material regarding protein is waste containing keratin obtained from the Lohmann Brown hens. We have studied the composition of the peptide fractions of feather-downy raw materials by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to Laemmli in order to understand chemistry of feather-downy raw material better. The obtained results show the presence of a wide variety of protein fractions with different molecular weights in tested keratin raw material. Half of all the proteins are fractions with a molecular weight of 60.0-56.0 kDa. It is found that feather and downy raw material has a sufficient number of low-molecular peptides. It is proved that this fraction corresponds to alpha-keratin. An important indicator for animal feed is their amino acid content, so we studied the quantitative content of essential and nonessential amino acids in feather-downy raw materials. The results of research indicate that poultry processing waste is rich in sulfur-containing amino acids such as cysteine and methionine. It is proved that the data on the physical and chemical composition of feather-downy raw material obtained from three different breeds of chickens, allow recommending the processing of poultry waste as a promising object for high-protein feed for farm animals with a balanced content of macro and microelements.

Ключевые слова

Feather-downy raw materials, mass fraction of protein, fiber, ash, waste from poultry processing

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. Belova N.F. Obmen veshchestv i kachestvo myasa tsyplyat-broylerov v zavisimosti ot vklyucheniya v kombikorm biologicheski aktivnykh dobavok. Avtoref. diss. dokt. sel'khoz. nauk [Metabolism and quality of broiler meat depending on the inclusion in feed dietary supplements. Dr. agr. sci. thesis]. Orenburg, 2009. 22 p.
2. Bol'shakov O.V. The implementation of state policy in the field of healthy eating. Kholodilnaya Tekhnika, 2000, no. 1, pp. 10-12. (In Russian).
3. Vanieva B.B. and Tmenov I.D. Complete feed enriched in food additive Gidrolaktiv and antioxidant Epofen enhances productivity of broiler chickens. Proceedings of the Gorsky State Agrarian University, 2013, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 90-95. (In Russian).
4. Vasil'ev F.V., Glotova I.A., and Antipova L.V. On the question of optimizing the amino acid composition of multi component products using methods of computational mathematics. Storage and processing of farm products, 2002, no. 2, pp. 58-61. (In Russian).
5. Ibatova G.G. and Motavina L.V. An innovative way to use keratin materials. Herald of beef cattle, 2014, vol. 1, no. 84, pp. 74-77. (In Russian).
6. Prosekov A.Yu., Babich O.O., and Soldatova L.S. The experience of the Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo Institute of Food Science and Technology, in biotechnology in recombinant enzyme preparations. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology, 2012, vol. 3, no. 26, pp 102-111. (In Russian).
7. Dimitrieva S.E., Galieva R.Kh., Babich O.O., and Prosekov A.Yu. The proteolytic enzymes to modify the functional properties of milk-protein systems. Storage and processing of farm products, 2009, no. 6, pp. 51-53. (In Russian).
8. Xia Y., Masse D.I., McAllister T.A., et al. Identity and diversity of archaeal communities during anaerobic co-digestion of chicken feathers and other animal wastes. Bioresource technology, 2012, vol. 110, pp. 111-119.
9. Kormanjos S. M., Filipovic S.S., Radovic V.A., et al. Influence of the applied pressure of processing upon bioactive components of diets made of feathers. Hemijska industrija, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 135-138.
10. Laba W. and Szczekala K.B. Keratinolytic Proteases in Biodegradation of Pretreated Feathers. Polish journal of environmental studies, 2013, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1101-1109.