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Home >Foods and Raw Materials > Archive > Volume 14, Issue 1, 2026 > Functional attributes and bio-prospects of fruit peel waste
ISSN 2308-4057 (Print),
ISSN 2310-9599 (Online)

Functional attributes and bio-prospects of fruit peel waste

Kumar Nishant a
,
Himanshu Himanshu b
,
Khangwal Ishu b
Affiliation
a National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat
b Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak
Copyright ©Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Received 22 February, 2024 | Accepted in revised form 06 August, 2025 | Published 14 February, 2025
DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2026-1-660
Abstract
The fruit processing industry generates a considerable amount of waste, which leads to significant nutritional and economic losses. The most common waste materials include pomace, peels, rind, and seeds. They contain valuable natural bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, dietary fibers, enzymes, polyphenols, oils, and vitamins. These compounds can be recovered by using suitable conventional or non-conventional methods. Conventional methods include Soxhlet extraction, hydro-distillation, and maceration. Non-conventional methods include enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, solid-liquid, and solvent extractions, as well as pulsed electric field. Fruit peels can be used to synthesize metallic nanoparticles, edible packaging, single-cell proteins, biosorbents, biochar, carbon dots, and biofertilizers. Furthermore, their bioactive compounds have a significant pharmacological potential. In particular, they can be utilized as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic agents.
Fruit peels are also a cost-effective solution that can mitigate various environmental problems and aid in reducing nutritional loss. In this article, we reviewed different extraction techniques employed to retrieve bioactive compounds from fruit peel waste, along with their industrial, biotechnological, and pharmacological applications.
Keywords
Bioactive compounds, nanoparticles, carbon dots, biochar, biofertilizers, edible packaging, single-cell protein, biosorbents
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How to quote?
Himanshu, Kumar N, Khangwa I. Functional attributes and bio-prospects of fruit peel waste. Foods and Raw Materials. 2026;14(1):84–103. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2026-1-660 
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