Abstract

Introduction. Cavitation is the most significant factor that affects liquid food products during ultrasound treatment. Ultrasonic treatment intensifies diffusion, dissolution, and chemical interactions. However, no physical model has yet been developed to unambiguously define the interaction between ultrasonic cavities and structural particles of liquid food media. Physical models used to describe ultrasonic interactions in liquid food media are diverse and, sometimes, contradictory. The research objective was to study ultrasonic devices in order to improve their operating modes and increase reliability.
Study objects and methods. The present research featured ultrasonic field generated in water by the cylindrical emitter, the intensity of flexural ultrasonic waves and their damping rate at various distances from the emitter.
Results and discussion. The paper offers a review of available publications on the theory of acoustic cavitation in various media. The experimental studies featured the distribution of cavities in the ultrasound field of rod vibrating systems in water. The research revealed the erosion capacity of ultrasonic waves generated by the cylindrical emitter. The article also contains a theoretical analysis of the cavitation damage to aluminum foil in water and the erosive effect of cavitation on highly rigid materials of ultrasonic vibration systems. The obtained results were illustrated by semi-graphical dependences.
Conclusion. The present research made it possible to assess the energy capabilities of cavities generated by ultrasonic field at different distances from the ultrasonic emitter. The size of the contact spot and the penetration depth can serve as a criterion for the erosion of the surface of the ultrasonic emitter.

Keywords

Ultrasound, cavitation, aqueous medium, foil screen, erosion, oscillatory system

FUNDING

The research was carried out on the premises of the K.A. Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University (RT SAU), with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Minobrnauka) as part of the program for the development of world-class research center “Agrotechnology of the Future” (The grant was delivered as subsidies from the federal budget for state support of world-class research centers, performing R&D in scientific and technological priority areas, No. 075-15-2020-905 (internal number 00600/2020/80682), November 16, 2020).

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