«Department of scientific and publishing activities»
Ru En
Open access
Subscription/purchasing
Submit manuscript
Home >Foods and Raw Materials > Archive > Volume 8, Issue 1, 2020 > Health risk assessment: heavy metals in fish from the southern Black Sea
ISSN 2308-4057 (Print),
ISSN 2310-9599 (Online)

Health risk assessment: heavy metals in fish from the southern Black Sea

Levent Bat a
,
Ayşah Öztekin a
,
Elif Arici a
,
Fatih Şahin a
Affiliation
a Sinop University, Sinop, Türkiye
Copyright ©Bat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Received 27 December, 2019 | Accepted in revised form 20 January, 2020 | Published 25 February, 2020
DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-115-124
Abstract
Introduction. The coastal contamination of the Black Sea has been an important issue for several decades. Heavy metals are the most harmful contaminants which affect people health. The research objective of the present study was to determine the amounts of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn found in the whiting (M. merlangus L.) and the red mullet M. barbatus L.). These Black Sea bottom fish species have the highest commercial value. The obtained data were used to assess the risk which the fish represents for human consumers.
Study objects and methods. The elements were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The amounts of the metals arranged in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd.
Results and discussion. The mean values of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the edible tissues were 0.013, 0.024, 0.07, 0.195, and 9.05 mg/kg wet wt. for whiting and 0.017, 0.036, 0.05, 0.29, and 6.4 mg/kg wet wt. for red mullet, respectively. These levels proved lower than the permitted values set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of the UK (MAFF), Turkish Food Codex (TFC), and EU Commission Regulation. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for all the elements via consumption of whiting and red mullet were also low.
Conclusion. Hazard index (HI) was ˂ 1, which means that the fish caused no health problems in people who consumed whiting and red mullet caught in the southern Black Sea during the fishing seasons of 2017–2018. The carcinogenic risk index (CRI) for whiting and red mullet was also considered insignificant.
Keywords
Heavy metals, Black Sea, fish, risk assessment, target hazard quotient, carcinogenic risk index
REFERENCES
  1. Bat L, Öztekin A, Şahin F, Arıcı E, Özsandıkçı U. An overview of the Black Sea pollution in Turkey. Mediterranean Fisheries and Aquaculture Research. 2018;1(2):66–86.
  2. Zhelyazkov G, Yankovska-Stefanova T, Mineva E, Stratev D, Vashin I, Dospatliev L, et al. Risk assessment of some heavy metals in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and veined rapa whelks (Rapana venosa) for human health. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2018;128:197–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.024.
  3. Plavan G, Jitar O, Teodosiu C, Nicoara M, Micu D, Strungaru SA. Toxic metals in tissues of fishes from the Black Sea and associated human health risk exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017;24(8):7776–7787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8442-6.
  4. Omar S, Muhamad MS, Chuan LT, Hadibarata T, Teh ZC. A review on lead sources, occurrences, health effects, and treatment using hydroxyapatite (HAp) adsorbent made from fish waste. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2019;230(12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4312-9.
  5. Directives Directive 2008/56/Ec of The European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive). Official Journal of the European Union. 2008;164:19–40.
  6. Bernhard M. Manual of methods in the aquatic environment research. FAO fisheries technical paper FIRI/T № 158. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation; 1976. 124 p.
  7. Determination of total Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in selected marine organisms by flameless AAS. Reference methods for marine pollution studies. UNEP; 1984.
  8. GESAMP: Cadmium, lead and tin the Marine Environment. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies № 56. UNEP; 1985.
  9. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. New York: United Nations Pubns; 2010. 658 p.
  10. Kaya G, Turkoglu S. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various tissues of some fish species and green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) from İskenderun Bay, Turkey, and risk assessment for human health. Biological Trace Element Research. 2017;180(2):314–326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-0996-0.
  11. Majlesi M, Malekzadeh J, Berizi E, Toori MA. Heavy metal content in farmed rainbow trout in relation to aquaculture area and feed pellets. Foods and Raw Materials. 2019;7(2):329–338. DOI: https://doi.org.10.21603/2308-4057-2019-2-329-338.
  12. Miao X, Hao Y, Tang X, Xie Z, Liu L, Luo S, et al. Analysis and health risk assessment of toxic and essential elements of the wild fish caught by anglers in Liuzhou as a large industrial city of China. Chemosphere. 2020;243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125337.
  13. Risk assessment guidance for superfund. Human health evaluation manual (Part A). Washington: US Environmental Protection Agency; 1989. 291 p.
  14. Guidance for assessing chemical contamination data for use in fish advisories. Volume 2. Risk assessment and fish consumption limits. Washington: US Environmental Protection Agency; 2000. 383 p.
  15. The risk assessment information system [Internet]. [cited 2019 Nov 27]. Available from: https://rais.ornl.gov/index.html.
  16. FishBase [Internet]. [cited 2019 Nov 27]. Available from: www.fishbase.org.
  17. Jones J, Franklin A. Monitoring and surveillance of non-radioactive contaminants in the aquatic environment and activities regulating the disposal of wastes at sea, 1993. Great Britain: Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science; 1993. 92 p.
  18. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union. 2006.
  19. Communiqué on maximum limits of contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Gazette. 2008. (In Turkish).
  20. Agricultural Ministry sets procedure for examining Russian. GAIN Report. 2010.
  21. Uluozlu OD, Tuzen M, Mendil D, Soylak M. Trace metal content in nine species of fish from the Black and Aegean Seas, Turkey. Food Chemistry. 2007;104(2):835–840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.003.
  22. Turk Culha S, Bat L, Culha M, Efendioglu A, Andac MB, Bati B. Heavy metals levels in some fishes and molluscs from Sinop, Peninsula of the Southern Black Sea, Turkey. 38th CIESM congress proceedings. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4328.6400.
  23. Tepe Y, Turkmen M, Turkmen A. Assessment of heavy metals in two commercial fish species of four Turkish seas. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2008;146(1–3):277–284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0079-3.
  24. Turan C, Dural M, Oksuz A, Ozturk B. Levels of heavy metals in some commercial fish species captured from the Black Sea and Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2009;82(5):601–604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9624-1.
  25. Tuzen M. Toxic and essential trace elemental contents in fish species from the Black Sea, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2009;47(8):1785–1790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.029.
  26. Das YK, Aksoy A, Baskaya R, Duyar HA, Guvenc D, Boz V. Heavy metal levels of some marine organisms collected in Samsun and Sinop coasts of Black Sea, in Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2009;8(3):496–499.
  27. Mendil D, Demirci Z, Tuzen M, Soylak M. Seasonal investigation of trace element contents in commercially valuable fish species from the Black sea, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010;48(3):865–870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.023.
  28. Nisbet C, Terzi G, Pilgir O, Sarac N. Determination of heavy metal levels in fish samples collected from the middle Black Sea. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 2010;16(1):119–125.
  29. Ozden O, Erkan N, Ulusoy S. Determination of mineral composition in three commercial fish species (Solea solea, Mullus surmuletus, and Merlangius merlangus). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2010;170(1–4):353–363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1238-5.
  30. Findik O, Cicek E. Metal concentrations in two bioindicator fish species, Merlangius merlangus, Mullus Barbatus, captured from the west Black Sea coasts (Bartin) of Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2011;87(4):399–403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0373-1.
  31. Aygun SF, Abanoz FG. Determination of heavy metal in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L 1758) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus Nordman, 1840) fish in the middle Black Sea. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 2011;17:S145–S152.
  32. Balkis N, Aksu A, Hissonmez H. Metal levels in biota from the Southern Black Sea, Turkey. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment. 2012;18(2):134–143.
  33. Alkan N, Aktas M, Gedik K. Comparison of metal accumulation in fish species from the Southeastern Black Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2012;88(6):807–812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0631-x.
  34. Gorur FK, Keser R, Akcay N, Dizman S. Radioactivity and heavy metal concentrations of some commercial fish species consumed in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Chemosphere. 2012;87(4):356–361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.022.
  35. Bat L, Sezgin M, Baki OG, Üstün F, Şahin F. Determination of heavy metals in some commercial fish from the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology. 2013;10(6):581–589.
  36. Ergul HA, Aksan S. Evaluation of non-essential element and micronutrient concentrations in seafood from the Marmara and Black Seas. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment. 2013;19(3):312–331.
  37. Alkan A, Alkan N, Akbas U. The factors affecting heavy metal levels in the muscle tissues of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus). Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi – Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2016;22(3):349–359.
  38. Kupeli T, Altundag H, Imamoglu M. Assessment of trace element levels in muscle tissues of fish species collected from a river, stream, lake, and sea in Sakarya, Turkey. Scientific World Journal. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/496107.
  39. Ergonul MB, Altindag A. Heavy metal concentrations in the muscle tissues of seven commercial fish species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea. Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska. 2014;16:34–51.
  40. Aydin D, Tokalioglu S. Trace metals in tissues of the six most common fish species in the Black Sea, Turkey. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B. 2015;8(1):25–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2014.949873.
  41. Bat L, Oztekin HC, Ustun F. Heavy metal levels in four commercial fishes caught in Sinop coasts of the Black Sea, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2015;15:393–399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v15_2_25.
  42. Bat L, Arisi E. Heavy metal levels in tissues of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Black Sea coast of Turkey and potential risks to human health. International Journal of Marine Science. 2016;6(10):1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5376/ijms.2016.06.0010.
  43. Turkmen M, Dura N. Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in fish from South Western black sea. Indian Journal of Geo – Marine Sciences. 2016;45(11):1552–1559.
  44. Sonmez AY, Kadak AE, Ozdemir RC, Bilen S. Kastamonu kıyılarından yakalanan bazı ekonomik balık türlerinde ağır metal birikiminin tespiti [Some economic captures from Kastamonu coasts detection of heavy metal accumulation in its types]. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 2016;31(2):84–90. (In Turkish).
  45. Turkmen M, Akaydin A. Metal levels in tissues of commercially important fish species from Southeastern Black Sea Coasts. Indian Journal of Geo – Marine Sciences. 2017;46(11):2357–2360.
  46. Mol S, Karakulak FS, Ulusoy S. Assessment of potential health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Turkey via consumption of red mullet, whiting, turbot from the Southwest Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2017;17(6):1135–1143. DOI: https:doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17_6_07.
  47. Kuplulu O, Cil GI, Korkmaz SD, Aykut O, Ozansoy G. Determination of metal contamination in seafood from the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean sea metal contamination in seafood. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society. 2018;69(1):749–758.
  48. Bat L, Arici E, Oztekin A. Heavy metals health risk appraisal in benthic fish species of the Black Sea. Indian Journal of Geo – Marine Sciences. 2019;48(1):163–168.
  49. Elderwısh M. A Batı Karadeniz Kıyılarının Su, sediment ve bazı ekonomik balık türlerinin ağır metal birikimlerinin mevsimsel olarak incelenmesi [Seasonal investigation of heavy metal accumulation of water, sediment and some economic fish species of West Black Sea coast]. Dr. eng. sci. diss. Kastamonu: Kastamonu Üniversitesi; 2019. 70 p.
  50. Turan H, Altan CO, Kocatepe D. Black Sea whiting: assessment of potential health benefits/risks and differences based on mineral concentrations of meat and roes. Turkish Journal of Agriculture. 2019;7(12):2075–2082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i12.2075-2082.2780.
  51. Ulusoy S, Mol S, Karakulak FS, Kahraman AE. Selenium-mercury balance in commercial fish species from the Turkish waters. Biological Trace Element Research. 2019;191(1):207–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1609-2.
  52. Bat L, Sezgin M, Ustun F, Sahin F. Heavy metal concentrations in ten species of fishes caught in Sinop coastal waters of the Black Sea, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2012;12:371–376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v12_2_24.
  53. Gundogdu A, Culha ST, Kocbas F, Culha M. Heavy metal accummulation in muscles and total bodies of Mullus barbatus, Trachurus trachurus and Engraulis encrasicolus captured from the coast of Sinop, Black Sea. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2016;48(1):25–34.
  54. Durmus M, Kosker AR, Ozogul Y, Aydin M, Ucar Y, Ayas D, et al. The effects of sex and season on the metal levels and proximate composition of red mullet (Mullus barbatus Linnaeus 1758) caught from the Middle Black Sea. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 2018;24(3):731–742. DOI: htps://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2017.1398071.
  55. Jitar O, Teodosiu C, Oros A, Plavan G, Nicoara M. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms from the Romanian sector of the Black Sea. New Biotechnology. 2015;32(3):369–378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.11.004.
  56. Harmelin-Vivien M, Cossa D, Crochet S, Banaru D, Letourneur Y, Mellon-Duval C. Difference of mercury bioaccumulation in red mullets from the north-western Mediterranean and Black seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2009;58(5):679–685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.004.
  57. Bat L. One health: the interface between fish and human health. Current World Environment. 2019;14(3):355–357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.14.3.04.
How to quote?
Bat L, Öztekin A, Arici E, Şahin F. Health risk assessment: heavy metals in fish from the southern Black Sea. Foods and Raw Materials. 2020;8(1):115–124. DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-115-124
About journal

Download
Contents
Abstract
Keywords
References
Foods and Raw Materials uses cookies. By continuing to use the portal, you agree to the storage and use of cookies by the portal and partner sites on your device.
Manage files