ISSN 2308-4057 (Print),
ISSN 2310-9599 (Online)

Absorption of iodotyrosine from iodized milk protein in animals

Abstract
Introduction. One of the ways to the solve iodine deficiency problem is the addition of iodine to farm animal feed. It allows producing iodized livestock products. Promising sources of organic iodine are iodotyrosine-containing iodized milk proteins. Organic iodine accumulation in organs and tissues has not been sufficiently studied.
Study objects and methods. We determined iodotyrosine content in rat blood plasma and in pig muscle tissue. For this purpose, high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and cathodic stripping voltammetry were used.
Results and discussion. At the first stage of the study, we examined iodotyrosines in rat blood plasma after a single administration of iodized milk protein or potassium iodide (30 μg I/kg weight) at specific time intervals. A significant increase in the concentration of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine was recorded 4 and 24 h after the administration. At the second stage, we studied the accumulation of iodotyrosines in the muscle tissue of pigs during their fattening period (104 days). The diet of the control animal group included potassium iodide (0.6 mg I/kg of feed). The experimental groups A and B got iodized milk protein (0.3 and 0.6 mg I/kg of feed, respectively). Monoiodotyrosin content in the muscle tissue of pigs of the experimental groups was 3.0 and 5.2 times higher than that in the control group. Diiodotyrosine content was 4.9 and 8.2 times higher. In the experimental group A, iodine content in muscle tissues was 26% higher than that in the control group, in the experimental group B it was 72% higher. Calculations of iodine intake balance and its accumulation in muscle tissues showed that in animals whose diet included iodized milk protein, the iodine assimilation was much higher (0.70 and 0.53%) than in the control group (0.21%).
Conclusion. Iodotyrosines from iodized milk protein are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract in an unchanged form and accumulate in muscle tissues. The findings give more clear understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of organic iodine absorption in animals.
Keywords
Iodine, iodotyrosines, plasma, muscle tissue, iodized milk protein, absorption
REFERENCES
  1. Di Jeso B, Arvan P. Thyroglobulin from molecular and cellular biology to clinical endocrinology. Endocrine Reviews. 2016;37(1):2–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2015-1090.
  2. Carvalho DP, Dupuy C. Thyroid hormone biosynthesis and release. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2017;458:6–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.038.
  3. Bost M, Martin A, Orgiazzi J. Iodine deficiency: epidemiology and nutritional prevention. Trace Elements in Medicine. 2014;15(4):3–7.
  4. Targovnik HM, Citterio CE, Rivolta CM. Iodide handling disorders (NIS, TPO, TG, IYD). Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism. 2017;31(2):195–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2017.03.006.
  5. Andersson M, Karumbunathan V, Zimmermann MB. Global iodine status in 2011 and trends over the past decade. Journal of Nutrition. 2012;142:744–750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.149393.
  6. Lazarus JH. Iodine status in Europe in 2014. European Thyroid Journal. 2014;3:3–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000358873.
  7. Gerasimov GA, van der Haar F, Lazarus JH. Overview of iodine deficiency prevention strategies in the South-Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region: 2009–2016. Clinical and experimental thyroidology. 2017;13(4):16–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14341/ket9531.
  8. Kodentsova VM, Vrzhesinskaya OA, Risnik DV, Nikityuk DB, Tutelyan VA. Micronutrient status of population of the Russian Federation and possibility of its correction. State of the problem. Problems of Nutrition. 2017;86(4):113–124. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2017-00067.
  9. Haldimann M, Alt A, Blanc A, Bloundeau K. Iodine content of food groups. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2005;18(6):461–471. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2004.06.003.
  10. Zimmermann MB, Andersson M. Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future. Nutrition Reviews. 2012;70(10):553–570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00528.x.
  11. Fuge R, Johnson CC. Iodine and human health, the role of environmental geochemistry and diet: A review. Applied Geochemistry. 2015;63:282–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.09.013.
  12. Moschini M, Battaglia M, Beone GM, Piva G, Masoero F. Iodine and selenium carry over in milk and cheese in dairy cows: effect of diet supplementation and milk yield. Animal. 2010;4(1):147–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173110999098X.
  13. Bakhshalinejad R, Hassanabadi A, Nassiri-Moghaddam H, Zarghi H. The effects of dietary calcium iodate on productive performance, egg quality and iodine accumulation in eggs of laying hens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2018;102(3):746–754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12873.
  14. Ershow AG, Skeaff SA, Merkel JM, Pehrsson PR. Development of databases on iodine in foods and dietary supplements. Nutrients. 2018;10(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010100.
  15. Opinion of panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the request from the Commission on the use of iodine in feedingstuffs. The EFSA Journal. 2005;3(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2005.168
  16. Travnicek J, Kroupova V, Herzig I, Kursa J. Iodine content in consumer hen eggs. Veterinarni Medicina. 2006; 51(3):93–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/5526-vetmed.
  17. Bath SC, Button S, Rayman MP. Iodine concentration of organic and conventional milk: implications for iodine intake. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012;107(7):935–940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511003059.
  18. Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of iodine compounds (E2) as feed additives for all animal species: calcium iodate anhydrous and potassium iodide, based on a dossier submitted by Ajay Europe SARL. EFSA Journal. 2013;11(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3099.
  19. Meyer U, Weigel K, Schone F, Leiterer M, Flachowsky G. Effect of dietary iodine on growth and iodine status of growing fattening bulls. Livestock Science. 2008;115(2–3):219–225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.07.013.
  20. Rottger AS, Halle I, Wagner H, Breves G, Danicke S, Flachowsky G. The effects of iodine level and source on iodine carry-over in eggs and body tissues of laying hens. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2012;66(5):385–401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039x.2012.719795.
  21. Spiridonov AA, Murashova EV, Kislova OF. Obogashchenie yodom produktsii zhivotnovodstva. Normy i tekhnologii [Enrichment of iodine products of animal husbandry. Standards and technologies]. St. Petersburg; 2014. 105 p. (In Russ.).
  22. Flachowsky G. Iodine in animal nutrition and iodine transfer from feed into food of animal origin. Lohmann Information. 2007;42(2):47–59.
  23. Miller J. Extrathyroidal benefits of iodine. Journal of American Physics and Surgeons. 2006;11(4):106–110.
  24. Venturi S, Venturi M. Iodine, thymus, and immunity. Nutrition. 2009;25(9):977–979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.06.002.
  25. Stroev YuI, Churilov LP. The heaviest bio-element (On the occasion of 200 years since the discovery of iodine). Biosfera. 2012;4(3):313–342. (In Russ.).
  26. Gorlov IF, Sharova MV, Randelin DA, Giro TM. Innovatsionnye podkhody k obogashcheniyu myasnogo syrʹya organicheskim yodom [Innovative approaches to the enrichment of meat raw materials with organic iodine]. mFleischwirtschaft. 2012;1:66–68. (In Russ.).
  27. Kotrbáček V, Doubek J, Doucha J. The chlorococcalean alga Chlorella in animal nutrition: a review. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2015;27(6):2173–2180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0516-y.
  28. He ML, Hollwich W, Rambeck WA. Supplementation of algae to the diet of pigs: A new possibility to improve the iodine content in the meat. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2002;86(3–4):97–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2002.00363.x.
  29. Ljublinskij SL, Savchik SA, Smirnov SV. Method of obtaining biologically active food additive. Russia patent RU 2212155C1. 2002.
  30. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals – Russian version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 1996. 154 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/10498.
  31. Kulikovskii AV, Lisitsyn AB, Chernukha IM, Gorlov IF, Savchuk SA. Determination of iodotyrosines in food. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2016;71(12):1215–1219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816100087.
  32. Glants S. Primer of Biostatistics. Moscow: Practice; 1998. 459 p. (In Russ.).
  33. Bespalov VG, Nekrasova VB, Skalʹnyy AV. YodEhlam – produkt iz laminarii: primenenie v borʹbe s yoddefitsitnymi zabolevaniyami: Posobie dlya vrachey [IodElam: product of laminaria. Application in combating iodine deficiency diseases: handbook for medical practitioners]. St. Petersburg: Nordmedizdat; 2010. 92 p. (In Russ.).
  34. Aspila P. Metabolism of selenite, selenomethionine and feed incorporated selenium in lactating goats and dairy-cows. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland. 1991;63(1):9–73
  35. Tretyak LN, Skalny AV, Bogatova OV. Mineral micronutrients and the children’s health. Trace elements in medicine. 2011;12(1–2):1–6. (In Russ.).
  36. Franke K, Schone S, Berk A, Leiterer M, Flachowsky G. Influence if dietary iodine on the iodine content of pork and the distribution of the trace element in the body. European Journal of Nutrition. 2008;47(1):40–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-007-0694-3.
  37. Banoch T, Svoboda M, Kuta J, Salakova A, Fajt Z. The effect of iodine from iodine-enriched alga Chlorella spp. on the pork iodine content and meat quality in finisher pigs. Acta Veterinaria Brno. 2012;81(4):339–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201281040339.
How to quote?
Bolshakova LS, Lukin DE. Absorption of iodotyrosine from iodized milk protein in animals. Foods and Raw Materials. 2020;8(1):60–66. DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-60-66
About journal

Download
Contents
Abstract
Keywords
References