ISSN 2308-4057 (Печать),
ISSN 2310-9599 (Онлайн)

PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF PROCESSING OFF-GRADE BUCKWHEAT

Аннотация
Currently, there is deterioration of the quality of incoming buckwheat supply. Intensification of harvesting processes, due to application of new combine harvesters aimed at expanding the moisture range of harvested grain, leads to a grain increase at farms and this bulk is kept under unregulated conditions on large open areas. The lack of centralized storage, conditioning and grain drying leads to the fact that producers have to deal with post-harvest handling and storage, though they do not have grain drying units, cleaning equipment and the required number of granaries. In addition, grain storage requires considerable financial costs; therefore not every producer can meet the necessary technological requirements of grain receiving and post-harvest processing. The incoming grain has another moisture content, hard-separable impurities, filmness and content of germinated grains. Processing of such grains using standard practice is costly or this grain is used for feeding purposes. Off-grade grain batches (which don’t conform to the requirements of regulatory documents) collected in the foothills of the Altai Territory were chosen for research. The research was carried out for the most common grain parties: with moisture of 17.0-22.0%, with hard-separable impurities above 2.0%, with filmness not more than 19.0%, and buckwheat containing germinated grains. The results of the research allowed offering technology, the distinguishing feature of which is the absence of preparation grains phase before processing. The proposed technology allows to process off-grade buckwheat in order to produce peeled buckwheat and guarantee profitability. The obtained data prove significant advantage of the proposed technology. Economic efficiency of grain processing with four defects is calculated. It is stated that the cost of processing off-grade grain on the proposed technology is much lower than the standard technology of producing buckwheat according to the requirements.
Ключевые слова
buckwheat, humidity, hard-separable impurities, filmness, germinated grains, off-grade grain, spoiled kernel, drying, steaming
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
  1. Wang M., Guo X., Ma Y., and Gao J. Buckwheat: A Novel Pseudocereal. Cereals and Pulses: Nutraceutical Properties and Health Benefits. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. doi: 10.1002/9781118229415.ch10.
  2. Sedej I., Sakač M., Mandić A., Mišan A., Tumbas V., and Čanadanović-Brunet J. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Grain and Fractions: Antioxidant Compounds and Activities. Journal of Food Science, 2012, no. 77, pp. 954-959. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02867.x.
  3. Zieliński H., Michalska A., Piskuła M.K., and Kozłowska H. Antioxidants in thermally treated buckwheat groats. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2006, no. 50, pp. 824-832. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200500258.
  4. Wei Y.-m., Hu X.-z., Zhang G.-q., and Ouyang S.-h. Studies on the amino acid and mineral content of buckwheat protein fractions. Nahrung, 2003, no. 47, pp. 114-116. doi: 10.1002/food.200390020.
  5. Sytar O., Cai Z., Brestic M., Kumar A., Prasad M.N.V., Taran N., and Smetanska I. Foliar Applied Nickel on Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Induced Phenolic Compounds as Potential Antioxidants. Clean Soil Air Water, 2003, no. 41, pp. 1129-1137. doi: 10.1002/clen.2012005126.
  6. Arendt E. K. and Moore M. M. Gluten-Free Cereal-Based Products. Bakery Products: Science and Technology. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2006. doi: 10.1002/9780470277553.ch27.
  7. Kazakov E.D. and Kretovich V.M. Biokhimiya zerna i produktov ego pererabotki [Biochemistry of grain and products of its processing]. Moscow: Kolos Publ., 1980. 319 p.
  8. Mar'in V.A. and Vereshchagin A.L. Ispol'zovanie nestandartnogo zerna grechikhi i otsenka kachestva produktov ego pererabotki [Using of off-grade buckwheat and evaluation of the quality of its processed products]. Biysk: AltSTU Publ., 2011. 151 p.
  9. Yukish A. and Il'ina O. Granary: advantages and disadvantages. Bread products, 2008, no. 8, pp. 39-41. (In Russian).
  10. Mar'in V.A., Vereshchagin A.L., and Fomina I.G. Estimation of consumer properties and surface morphology of the unground buckwheat of different colors. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology, 2013, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 59-63. (In Russian).
  11. Mar'in V.A. and Vereshchagin A.L. The improvement of the impurities separation in peeled buckwheat. Storage and processing of grain, 2012, no. 2 (152), pp. 38-39. (In Russian).
  12. Mar'in V.A., Fedotov E.A., and Vereshchagin A.L. Grain processing of buckwheat with low filmness. Bread products, 2009, no. 6, pp. 68-70. (In Russian).
  13. Mar'in V.A., Vereshchagin A.L., and Bychin N.V. Evaluation of the quality of buckwheat from germinated grains. Bakery, 2013, no. 8, pp. 43-47. (In Russian).
  14. Mar'in V.A. and Vereshchagin A.L. Modification of the surface morphology of wet buckwheat during hydrothermal treatment. Storage and processing of grain, 2012, no. 3 (153), pp. 42-45. (In Russian).
  15. Wijngaard H.H., Renzetti S., and Arendt E.K. Microstructure of Buckwheat and Barley During Malting Observed by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. J. Inst. Brew., 2007, no. 113(1), pp. 34-41.
  16. Rouquerol F., Rouquerol K.S.W., and Sing A.M. Adsorption by powders and porous solids: principles, methodology and applications. Marseille: University-CNRS, MADIREL Laboratory, 2014. 646 p.
Как цитировать?
О журнале